Management & organisation behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management & organisation behaviour - Essay Example This book reassures that, success is within the reach of any resolute individual, who is willing to make certain minor behavioral modifications. Primarily targeted at ambitious young adults with self - suspecting tendencies, this book provides ample clarity to all career - seekers on how to do well in their lives. Jack Welch, the author of the book "Straight from the Gut" was the Chairman and CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001. He used to be called as Neutron Jack and he was also referred as the world's toughest boss. And then Fortune called him "The Manager of the Century." In his twenty year career at the helm of General Electric, Jack Welch defied conventional wisdom and turned an aging behemoth of corporate innovatin. In his remarkable autobiography - the author taes us on the rough-and-tumble ride that has been his remarkable life. Jack Welch's memoir, JACK: Straight from the Gut, is part autobiography and part business theory text. Welch covers his fast trip from General Electric employee to General Electric CEO, his years in the top job (including an in-depth look at the philosophical positions he brought to and developed while holding that position) and the recent search for his replacement - a search that culminated with his retirement in 2001. In the end, however, JACK is less the story of its author and his theories than it is a love letter to the men and women who helped Jack Welch recreate General Electric over the past two decades. "Straight from the Gut" is an energizing book that tells an American dream story of an unconventional businessman who climbed to the top of one of the world's biggest companies and made it even bigger. Along the way, the reader meets a Jack Welch whose clear enthusiasm and affection for those with whom he worked stands in sharp contrast to his "Neutron Jack" reputation. 3. Charan, Larry Bossidy & Ram. Execution. London: Random House Business Books, 2002. Larry Bossidy is one of the world's most acclaimed CEOs, with a track record for delivering results that has few peers. Ram Charan is a legendary advisor to senior executives and boards of directors with unparalleled insight into why some companies are successful and others are not. The result is the book "Execution" people in business need today. One with a high practical framework for closing the gap between results promsed and results delivered. After a long, stellar career with GE, Larry Bossidy became CEO of Allied Signal and trasnformed it into one of the world's most admired companies. Accomplishments like 31 consecutive quarters of earnings-per-share growth of 13% or more don't just happen. They result from consistent practice of the discipline of execution: understanding how to link the three core processes of any business together: people, strategy and operations. The leader's most important job - selecting and appraising people - is one that should never be delegated. As a CEO Larry personally makes the

Terminal Course Objectives Essay Example for Free

Terminal Course Objectives Essay Given an example of the need to increase productivity in a workplace unit, such as a department of a large corporation, analyze the impact of cultural diversity on team building in the workplace, and formulate strategies for facilitating cooperation among members of a culturally diverse work group. Key Concepts: Define bias, prejudice, discrimination, and ethnocentrism. Identify the impact of ethnocentrism on interpersonal relationships and communication. Develop strategies for expanding awareness and understanding of people from diverse cultures. Engage in the process of values clarification for self-assessment and learning to promote tolerance and acceptance. Evaluate strategies for effecting behavioral change to avoid stereotyping and cultural prejudice. Given a simulated situation where a qualified minority candidate is denied employment based on the hiring managers cultural prejudice and practice of discrimination, correctly assess the situation and recommend intervention strategies to correct the situation. Key Concepts: Define stereotyping, racial/cultural profiling, and marginalization. Discuss personal situations in which bias, prejudice, or discrimination warranted intervention. Identify the personal impact of individual, organizational, or societal inequalities. Plan personal and organizational strategies to overcome bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Identify strategies to promote acceptance of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Examine potential sources and misinformation relating to stereotyping and racial profiling, including the media. Given a situation in which an urban neighborhood is experiencing conflict due to increasing cultural diversity of residents, integrate critical thinking and decision-making skills in preparing a personal plan for developing cultural competence. Key Concepts: Define cultural competence. Describe personal strategies and skills necessary for cultural competence. Discuss strategies and practices essential for cultural competence at the organizational level. Identify learning that is necessary for societal cultural competence. Discuss current research findings relative to cultural diversity. Assignments Reading Introduction to Understanding and Managing Diversity (p. xii – xvi) Section I. Understanding individual perspectives of diversity. Diversity Awareness Quiz (review exercise) Thriving in a Multicultural Classroom The Emotional Connection of Distinguishing Differences and Conflict Section II. Understanding primary aspects of diversity The Coca-Cola Company: Then and Now Optional: Section V. Managing diversity: Ethical, legal, communication, and marketing issues. Ethics and Diversity: Legal Applications in the Workplace Assignment—Lets Be Lefties for a Day! This assignment is designed to shift your viewpoint just a bit and hopefully help make clear what it is like to be different from the mainstream of society, as well as how the perception of normality is based on how closely you resemble the majority of people. There are two concepts at work. One is institutionalized discrimination, in which groups or categories of people are placed at some level of disadvantage by the normal way that society operates. The other is the fact that we can learn to appreciate that differences do matter and that becoming aware of those differences will make interactions with others much easier. Spend a morning living in a world that is designed for someone else. Heres how: Hold a ping-pong ball or a similar object in your right hand (left if you are a lefty) and then slip a sock over it and tie or tape it in place. Keep your fingers folded around the ball inside the sock and try to go about your normal activities. The two main things you want to avoid are letting the ball get out of your closed hand and getting the sock wet. Most of us are right-handed, and this should give you some sense of how much of our daily activities revolve around that fact. When you must use your left hand rather than your right, things seem to be a bit awkward, dont they? If you want a real example, try to use a wall-mounted pencil sharpener, open a bottle of wine with a corkscrew, or turn the pages of a book. Are lefties at a disadvantage? Go price a set of left-handed golf clubs. Naturally, left-handed people have adapted to the right-handed world to the extent that most are ambidextrous. Lefties, what did you get from this? Did your life become just a bit easier? Your assignment is to write a brief two- to three-page essay paper, double-spaced, on the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences by managers and professionals in a business setting. Connect your observations and ideas to the materials and readings covered so far in the class. Dont forget to include your experience with the ball and sock experiment in your paper, and be sure to relate the experiment to the importance of understanding diversity and applying this knowledge in the workplace. Please follow APA formatting requirements for this assignment, including a title page, and proofread to be sure that you have no spelling or grammatical errors. Submit your assignment to the Dropbox located on the silver tab at the top of this page. For instructions on how to use the Dropbox, read these step-by-step instructions or watch this Dropbox Tutorial. See the Syllabus section Due Dates for Assignments Exams for due date information. Course Project There will be a Course Project for this class. The final paper will not be due until Week 7; however, you will have additional graded deliverables during the course. Please visit the Course Project section under Course Home for complete details. Discussions Introduce yourself to your instructor and to the rest of the class (not graded, but required) You Eat What?! (graded) Some of My Best (graded) Lecture topics Why Understand Diversity? | Institutional Versus Ideological Understanding | Understanding Ourselves, Understanding Others | The Challenge | Ethnocentrism | Study Tools

Positives of the Law Essay -- essays papers

Positives of the Law When President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002, he promised that his education reform would bring hope to children. The law calls for more testing in third to eighth grade each year in reading and math (Bacon, 2003). Students will be tested to make sure that the schools are adequately teaching them the information they should know. In 53% of American schools, which receive direct Federal Government financial support because they have large numbers of low-income students, students can now transfer to another school or receive free tutoring if their school fails for two years in a row to improve the test scores of its students (Bacon, 2003). The plan also ensures that teacher quality will improve. States must now include in their plans, annual, measurable objectives that each local school district and school must meet in moving toward the goal. Schools must also now account for their progress in annual report cards (U.S. Department of Education, 2003). In addition, there will be high criterion for professional development to ensure that federal funds encourage research-based, efficient practice in the classroom (Bush, 2003). The Department of Education is trying to speed up the movement for further skilled educators. States are going to be reviewing their efforts towards better teachers (Ed teams to help states address teacher quality, 2003). The government is finding ways to be able to test teacher quality. Schools are giving pay initiatives to educators who work above and beyond (Dobbs, 2003). This will hopefully make teachers work and try harder to be better teachers. Faculty involvement is a crucial factor in making students want to be more of a part of the school. There c... ...et, http://www.ala.org Standards are listed and its gives ideas on how technology is helpful in raising standards. Bell, T. (2003). Two-thirds of high schools get ‘left behind’ warnings. Associated Press. Retrieved October 1, 2003 from Academic Universe/Lexis Nexis database. Many schools in New Jersey are receiving information that they did not meet the standards of the federal government. The schools are blaming lack of funding on the performance of their schools. Penalties may occur eventually. Polgreen, L. (2003). New york schools to compete for reading grants. New York Times, Section B, page 3. Retrieved October 1, 2003 from Academic Universe/Lexis Nexis database. New York State will receive $129 million in federal money to pay for more programs to improve literacy. Bush will give more money to low performing schools over the next six years.

Carrie Chapter Nine

‘Playing match' ‘Something like that.' ‘And Tommy went along with it?' This was the part that most fascinated her. ‘Yea,' Sue said, and did not elaborate. After a pause: ‘I suppose the other kids think I'm stuck up.' Helen thought it over. ‘Well †¦ they're all talking about it. But most of them still think you're okay. Like you said, you make your own decisions. There is, however, a small dissenting faction.' She snickered dolefully. ‘The Chris Hargensen people?' ‘And the Billy Nolan people. God, he's scuzzy.' ‘She doesn't like me much?' Sue said, making it a question. ‘Susie, she hates your guts.' Susan nodded, surprised to find the thought both distressed and excited her. ‘I heard her father was going to sue the school department and then he changed his mind,' she said. Helen shrugged. ‘She hasn't made any friends out of this,' she said. I don't know what got into us, any of us. It makes me feel like I don't even know my own mind.' They worked on in silence. Across the room, Don Barrett was putting up an extension ladder preparatory to gilding the overhead steel beams with crepe paper. ‘Look,' Helen said. ‘There goes Chris now.' Susan looked up just in time to see her walking into the cubby-hole office to the left of the gym entrance. She was wearing wine-coloured velvet hot pants and a silky white blouse – no bra, from the way things were jiggling up front – a dirty old man's dream, Sue thought sourly, and then wondered what Chris could want in where the Prom Committee had set up shop. Of course Tina Blake was on the Committee and the two of them were thicker than thieves. Stop it, she scolded herself. Do you want her in sackcloth and ashes? Yes, she admitted. A part of her wanted just that. ‘Helen?' ‘Hmmmm?' ‘Are they going to do something?' Helen's face took on an unwilling masklike quality. ‘I don't know.' The voice was light, over innocent. ‘Oh,' Sue said noncommittally. (you know you know something: accept something goddammit if its only yourself tell me) They continued to colour, and neither spoke. She knew it wasn't as all right as Helen had said. It couldn't be; she would never be quite the same golden girl again in the eyes of her mates. She had done an ungovernable, dangerous thing – she had broken cover and shown her face. The late afternoon sunlight, warm as oil and sweet as childhood, slanted through the high, bright gymnasium windows. From My Name Is Susan Snell (p. 40). I can understand some of what must have led up to the prom. Awful as it was, I can understand how someone like Billy Nolan could go along, for instance. Chris Hargensen led him by the nose-at least, most of the time. His friends were just as easily led by Billy himself. Kenny Garson, who dropped out of high school when he was eighteen, had a tested third-grade reading level. In the clinical sense, Steve Deighan was little more than an idiot. Some of the others had police records; one of them, Jackie Talbot, was first busted at the age of nine, for stealing hubcaps. If you've got a social-worker mentality, you can even regard these people as unfortunate victims. But what can you say for Chris Hargensen herself? It seems to me that from first to last, her one and only object in view was the complete and total destruction of Carrie White †¦ ‘I'm not supposed to,' Tina Blake said uneasily. She was a small, pretty girl with a billow of red hair. A pencil was pushed importantly in it. ‘And if Norma comes back, she'll spill.' ‘She's in the crapper,' Chris said. ‘Come on.' Tina, a little shocked, giggled in spite of herself. Still, she offered token resistance: ‘Why do you want to see, anyway? You can't go.' ‘Never mind,' Chris said. As always, she seemed to bubble with dark humour. ‘Here,' Tina said, and pushed a sheet enclosed in limp plastic across the desk. ‘I'm going out for a Coke. If that bitchy Norma Watson comes back and catches you I never saw you.' ‘Okay,' Chris murmured, already absorbed in the floor plan. She didn't hear the door close. George Chizmar had also done the floor plan, so it was perfect. The dance floor was clearly marked. Twin bandstands. The stage where the King and Queen would be crowned (i'd like to crown that fucking snell bitch carrie too) at the end of the evening. Ranged along the three sides of the floor were the prom-goers' tables. Card tables, actually, but covered with a froth of crepe and ribbon, each holding party favours, prom programmes, and ballots for King and Queen. She ran a lacquered, spade-shaped fingernail down the tables to the right of the dance floor, then the left. There: Tommy R. & Carrie W. They were really going through with it. She could hardly believe it. Outrage made her tremble. Did they really think they would be allowed to get away with it? Her lips tautened grimly. She looked over her shoulder. Norma Watson was still nowhere in sight. Chris put the seating chart back and rifled quickly through the rest of the papers on the pitted and initialwarred desk. Invoices (mostly for crepe paper and hapenny nails), a list of parents who had loaned card tables, petty-cash vouchers, a bill from Star Printers, who had run off the prom tickets, a sample King and Queen ballot Ballot! She snatched it up. No one was supposed to see the actual King and Queen ballot until Friday, when the whole student body would hear the candidates announced over the school's intercom. The King and Queen would be voted in by those attending the prom, but blank nomination ballots had been circulated to home rooms almost a month earlier. The results were supposed to be top secret. There was a gaining student move afoot to do away with the King and Queen business all together – some of the girls claimed it was sexist, the boys thought it was just plain stupid and a little embarrassing. Chances were good that this would be the last year the dance would be so formal or traditional. But for Chris, this was the only year that counted. She stared at the ballot with greedy intensity. George and Frieda. No way. Frieda Jason was a Jew. Peter and Myra. No way here, either. Myra was one of the female clique dedicated to erasing the whole horse race. She wouldn't serve even if elected. Besides, she was about as good-looking as the ass end of old drayhorse Ethel. Frank and Jessica. Quite possible. Frank Grier had made the All New England football team this year, but Jessica was another little sparrowfart with more pimples than brains. Don and Helen. Forget it. Helen Shyres couldn't get elected dog catcher. And the last pairing. Tommy and Sue. Only Sue, of course, had been crossed out, and Carrie's name had been written in. There was a pairing to conjure with! A kind of strange, shuffling laughter came over her, and she clapped a hand over her mouth to hold it in. Tina scurried back in. ‘Jesus, Chris, you still here? She's coming!' ‘Don't sweat it, doll,' Chris said, and put the papers back on the desk. She was still grinning as she walked out, pausing to raise a mocking hand to Sue Snell, who was slaying her skinny butt off on that stupid mural. In the outer hall, she fumbled a dime from her bag, dropped it into the pay phone, and called Billy Nolan. From The Shadow Exploded (pp. 100- 10 1): One wonders just how much planning went into the ruination of Carrie White – was it a carefully made plan, rehearsed and gone over many times, or just something that happened in a bumbling sort of way? †¦ I favour the latter idea. I suspect that Christine Hargensen was the brains of the allair, but that she herself had only the most nebulous of ideas on how one might ‘get' a girl like Carrie. I rather suspect it was she who suggested that William Nolan and his friends make the trip to Irwin Henty's farm in North Chamberlain. The thought of that trip's imagined result would have appealed to a warped sense of poetic justice, I am sure. .. The car screamed up the rutted Stack End Road in North Chamberlain at a sixty-five that was dangerous to life and limb on the washboard unpaved hardpan. A low-hanging branch, lush with May leaves, occasionally scraped the roof of the '61 Biscayne, which was fender-dented, rusted out, jacked in the back, and equipped with dual glasspack mufflers. One headlight was out; the other flickered in the midnight dark when the car struck a particularly rough bump. Billy Nolan was at the pink fuzz-covered wheel. Jackie Talbot, Henry Blake, Steve Deighan, and the Garson brothers, Kenny and Lou, were also squeezed in. Three joints were going, passing through the inner dark like the lambent eyes of some rotating Cerberus. ‘You sure Henty ain't around?' Henry asked. ‘I got no urge to go back up, ole Sweet William. They feed you shit.' Kenny Garson, who was wrecked to the fifth power found this unutterably funny and emitted a slipstream of high-pitched giggles. ‘He aint around,' Billy said. Even those few words seemed to slip out grudgingly, against his win. ‘Funeral.' Chris had found this out accidentally. Old man Henty ran one of the few successful independent farms in the Chamberlain area. Unlike the crotchety old farmer with a heart of gold that is one of the staples of pastoral literature, old man Henty was as mean as cat dirt. He did not load his shotgun with rock salt at apple time, but with birdshot. He had also prosecuted several fellows for pilferage. One of them had been a friend of these boys, a luckless bastard named Freddy Overlock. Freddy had been caught red-handed in old man Henty's henhouse, and had received a double dose of number-six bird where the good Lord had split him. Good ole Fred had spent four raving, cursing hours on his belly in an Emergency Wing examining room while a jovial interne picked tiny pellets off his butt and dropped them into a steel pan. To add insult to injury, he had been fined two hundred dollars for larceny and trespass. There was no love lost between Irwin Henty and the Chamberlain greaser squad. ‘What about Red?' Steve asked. ‘He's trying to get into some new waitress at The Cavalier,' Billy said, swinging the wheel and puffing the Biscayne through a juddering racing drift and on to the Henty Road. Red Trelawney was old man Henty's hired hand. He was a heavy drinker and just as handy with the bird-shot as his employer. ‘He won't be back until they close up.' ‘Hell of a risk for a joke,' Jackie Talbot grumbled. Billy stiffened. ‘You want out?' ‘No, uh-uh,' Jackie said hastily. Billy had produced an ounce of good grass to split among the five of them – and besides, it was nine miles back to town. ‘It's a good joke, Billy.' Kenny opened the glove compartment, took out an ornate scrolled roach clip (Chris's), and fixed the smouldering butt-end of a joint in it This operation struck him as highly amusing, and he let out his highpitched giggle again. Now they were flashing past No Tresspassing signs on either side of the road, barbed wire, newly turned fields. The smell of fresh earth was heavy and gravid and sweet on the warm May air. Billy popped the headlights off as they breasted the next hill, dropped the gearshift into neutral and killed the ignition. They rolled, a silent hulk of metal, toward the Henty driveway. Billy negotiated the turn with no trouble, and most of their speed bled away as they breasted another small rise and passed the dark and empty house. Now they could see the huge bulk of barn and beyond it, moonlight glittering dreamily on the cow pond and the apple orchard. In the pigpen, two sows poked their flat snouts through the bars. In the bar, one cow lowed softly, perhaps in sleep. Billy stopped the car with the emergency brake – not really necessary since the ignition was off, but it was a nice Commando touch – and they got out. Lou Garson reached past Kenny and got something out of the glove compartment. Billy and Henry went around to the trunk and opened it. ‘The bastard is going to shit where he stands when he comes back and gets a look,' Steve said with soft glee. ‘For Freddy,' Henry said, taking the hammer out of the trunk. Billy said nothing, but of course it was not for Freddy Overlock, who was an asshole. It was for Chris Hargensen, just as everything was for Chris, and had been since the day she swept down from her lofty collegecourse Olympus and made herself vulnerable to him He would have done murder for her, and more. Henry was swinging the nine-pound sledge experimentally in one hand. The heavy block of its business end made a portentous swishing noise in the night air, and the other boys gathered around as Billy opened the lid of the ice chest and took out the two galvanized steel pads. They were numbingly cold to the touch, lightly traced with frost ‘Okay,' he said. The six of them walked quickly to the hogpen, their respiration shortening with excitement. The two sows were both as tame as tabbies, and the old boar lay asleep on his side at the far end. Henry swung the sledge once more through the air, but this time with no conviction. He handed it to Billy. ‘I can't,' he said sickly. ‘You.' Billy took it and looked questioningly at Lou, who held the broad butcher knife he had taken from the glove compartment. ‘Don't worry,' he said, and touched the ball of his thumb to the honed edge. ‘The throat,' Billy reminded. ‘I know.' Kenny was crooning and grinning as he fed the remains of a crumpled bag of potato chips to the pigs. ‘Doan worry, piggies, doan worry, big Bills gonna bash your fuckin heads in and you woan have to worry about the bomb any more.' He scratched their bristly chins, and the pigs grunted and munched contentedly. ‘Here it comes,' Billy remarked, and the sledge flashed down. There was a sound that reminded him of the time he and Henry had dropped a pumpkin off Claridge Road overpass, which crossed 495 west of town. One of the sows dropped dead with its tongue protruding, eyes still open, potato chip crumbs around its snout Kenny giggled. ‘She didn't even have time to burp.' ‘Do it quick, Lou,' Billy said. Kenny's brother slid between the slates, lifted the pig's head toward the moon-the glazing eyes regarded the crescent with rapt blackness – and slashed. The flow of blood was immediate and startling. Several of the boys were splattered and jumped back with little cries of disgust. Billy leaned through and put one of the buckets under the main flow. The pail filled up rapidly, and he set it aside. The second was half full when the flow trickled and died. ‘The other one,' he said. ‘Jesus, Billy,' Jackie whined. ‘Isn't that en-‘ ‘The other one,' Billy repeated. ‘Soo-ee, pig-pig-pig,' Kenny called, grinning and rattling the empty potato-chip bag. After a pause, the sow returned to the fence, the sledge flashed, the second bucket was filled and the remainder of the blood allowed to flow into the ground. A rank, coppery smell hung on the air. Billy found he was slimed in pig blood to the forearms. Carrying the pails back to the trunk, his mind made a dim, symbolic connection. Pig blood. That was good. Chris was right. It was really good. It made everything solidify. Pig blood for a pig. He nestled the galvanized steel pails into the crushed ice and slammed the lid of the chest. ‘Let's go,' he said. Billy got behind the wheel and released the emergency brake. The five boys got behind, put their shoulders into it, and the car turned in a tight, noiseless circle and trundled up past the barn to the crest of the hill across from Henty's house. When the car began to roll on its own, they trotted up beside the doors and climbed in panting. The car gained speed enough to slew a little as Billy whipped it out of the long driveway and on to the Henty Road. At the bottom of the hill he dropped the transmission into third and popped the clutch. The engine hitched and grunted into life. Pig blood for a pig. Yes, that was good, all right. That was really good. He smiled, and Lou Garson felt a start of surprise and fear. He was not sure he could recall ever having seen Billy Nolan smile before. There had not even been rumours. ‘Whose funeral did ole man Henty go to?' Steve asked. ‘His mother's,' Billy said. ‘His mother?' Jackie Talbot said, stunned. ‘Jesus Christ, she musta been older'n God.' Kenny's high-pitched cackle drifted back on the redolent darkness that trembled at the edge of summer.

Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychology is the use of science based on the mind and behavior relating to law and legal matters (Nordqvist, 2009 & â€Å"Forensic Psychology,† 2010). The word psychology comes from the Greek word psyche meaning â€Å"breathe, spirit, soul†, and the Greek word logia meaning the study of something. The use of psychology dates back to 44 B. C during the assassination of Julius Caesar (â€Å"History of Forensic Psychology,† n. d. ). In 1879 Wilhelm Wundt, originally from Germany, founded psychology as an actually independent experimental field of study.He set up the first aboratory that carried out psychological research exclusively at Leipzig University. Wundt is known today as the father of psychology (Nordqvist, 2009). Forensic psychology involves sentencing criminals, determines guilt or innocence, eyewitness accuracy, and assists in the profiling of criminals (Nordqvist, 2009). In forensic psychology criminal profiling or also known as psychological p rofiling is a key factor in the criminal investigation.The main purpose of criminal profiling is to provide the police with a psychological profile of the personality of the perpetrator that could then be used to direct the investigative search. It also involves investigating an offender's behavior, motives and background in an attempt to turtner guide an investigation. Research shows that offender's that repeatedly rape or kill are driven by a sensitive public fear for their actions and media attention, which could eventually lead to their arrest. Analyzing the criminal's habits and customs allows investigators to trace similarities between previous crimes.When these details of their lifestyle are made public, friends, neighbors and colleagues may recognize them (Psychological Profiling, 2005. ) In homicide case, for example, FBI agents gather personality report through questions about the murderer's behavior. During this investigation four main phases are put into play to profile a suspect such as antecedent, method and manner, body disposal, and post offensive behavior. The first is antecedent: what fantasy or plan, or both, did the murderer have in place before the act?What triggered the murderer to act some days and not others? The second is method and manner: What type of victim or victims did the murderer select? What was the method and manner of murder: shooting, stabbing, strangulation or something else? The third is body disposal: Did the murder and ody disposal take place all at one scene, or multiple scenes? The last is post offense behavior: Is the murderer trying to inject himself into the investigation by reacting to media reports or contacting investigators? (Winerman, 2010. Each step helps analyze the suspect and brings forth new information needed to crack the case. Investigators use this technique often in all types of cases usually the cases dealing with the murder of an individual or more. The first documented case using criminal profiling was in the year of 1940 in New York City. This profile dealt with a â€Å"The Mad Bomber†(or F. P. he initials he used to sign his mysterious, paranoid letters) named George Metesky responsible for a series of random bombing attacks across New York within 16 years. (Winerman, 2010. Due to the success of George Meteskys criminal profile, which profile in every detail was matched, he was found insane and committed to the Mattawan asylum for the criminally insane (Madden, 2010). In another case forensic psychology was used to help solve the murder of two year old James Bulger. In this case the suspects were the ones you least expected to even commit such a daring act. On February 12, 1993 little James Bulger was kidnapped rom a shopping store while with his mother by two ten year old boys Robert Thompson and Jon Venables.The two boys raped, beat, and tortured young James and left him to die. Detectives found him left on a railway line brutally beaten on both his face and head o n February 14. Robert and Jon were profiled as adults because both knew the difference between right and wrong. Both Robert Thompson and Jon Venables were charged on February 20, 1993 with abduction and murder although they were found guilty of the murder of Bulger on the 24 of November making them the youngest convicted murderers in modern English history.

5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions 5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions 5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions By Mark Nichol Prepositions, words that indicate relations between nouns, pronouns, and verbs (mostly small ones like for, in, of, on, to, and with but sometimes more substantial, as in the case of beneath or between), are often integral to a sentence, but writers can clutter sentences by being overly dependent on them. Here are five strategies for minimizing the number of prepositions you use: 1. Eliminate Prepositions by Using Active Voice Shifting from passive voice to active voice, as in the revision of â€Å"The watch was obviously designed by a master craftsman† to â€Å"A master craftsman had obviously designed the watch† takes a preposition out of action. (But take care that the inversion of the sentence structure doesn’t incorrectly shift emphasis or diminish dramatic effect.) 2. Substitute an Adverb for a Prepositional Phrase In the writer’s toolbox, adverbs are stronger tools than prepositional phrases. Revision of the sentence â€Å"The politician responded to the allegations with vehemence† to â€Å"The politician responded vehemently to the allegations† strengthens the thought and deletes the weak preposition with. 3. Use a Genitive in Place of a Prepositional Phrase An easy test to help reduce the number of prepositions is to search for the genitive case, or a possessive form: If a sentence could use the genitive case but doesn’t, revise the sentence. For example, â€Å"She was disturbed by the violent images in the movie† gains more impact (and loses a preposition) by reversing the sentence’s subject and object: â€Å"She was disturbed by the movie’s violent images.† (Combine this strategy with a shift from passive voice to active voice, and you jettison two prepositions and further strengthen the statement: â€Å"The movie’s violent images disturbed her.†) Another use of this technique is to revise a phrase including a reference to a location within a location, as in â€Å"the Museum of Modern Art in New York City,† which can be more actively and efficiently rendered as â€Å"New York City’s Museum of Modern Art.† 4. Omit Prepositions by Eliminating Nominalizations Writers and editors aid clarity and conciseness by uncovering nominalizations, otherwise known as buried, or smothered, verbs. In doing so, they also negate the need for a preposition. For example, the sentence â€Å"Their attempt to provide a justification of the expense was unsuccessful,† simplified to â€Å"Their attempt to justify the expense was unsuccessful,† not only transforms the verb+article+nominalization clump â€Å"provide a justification† into the streamlined verb justify but also makes of unnecessary. (I originally wrote â€Å"but also makes the use of of unnecessary,† but then deleted the superfluous phrase â€Å"the use of† and thereby deleted a preposition.) 5. Delete Prepositional Phrases Prepositional phrases (preposition+article+noun) provide context, but they’re not always necessary. In a sentence like â€Å"The best outcome for this scenario would be an incremental withdrawal,† note whether the meaning is clear without the phrase, and if so, strike it out: â€Å"The best outcome would be an incremental withdrawal.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Dawned vs. DonnedEach vs. Both

Essay Sample on the Pavlovian Model in Preparedness Theory

Essay Sample on the Pavlovian Model in Preparedness Theory Pavlovian conditioning is basic to learning and is obviously a critical factor in the acquisition of phobias. This model assumes that all members of a species share a common set of reflexes, hard-wired responses to certain stimuli. These unconditional reflexes are critical to survival. Pavlovian conditioning, which relies on these reflexes, or the stimulus-response relationship, has been shown to be fundamental to learning such that all animals learn to adapt to their environment based on this concept. The traditional learning model, based on animal conditioning research, has been extraordinarily useful but unfortunately very limited where phobias are concerned (McNally 284). First of all, one cannot assume that human phobias are the same as fears conditioned in animals in a laboratory, and they are not, as will be discussed later. Field and Davey also had the following problems with the traditional model (191-192). Phobias, for one, tend to be highly resistant to extinction, more so than other acquired responses. Some phobics have no memory of an aversive conditioning event at the onset of their phobia while others recall an associated traumatic event. Some persons become more phobic with successive presentations of the conditioned stimulus, even when this stimulus is unreinforced by an aversive conditioned response. Furthermore, not everybody who undergoes a traumatic experience will develop a phobia. In addition, while the Pavlovian model views all stimuli as being equivalent in their ability to create an association with a negative consequence, phobias should be uniformly distributed across a broad range of experiences (Field and Davey 192). It is obvious, however, that this is not the case, since some fears are more common than others. While most Americans, for example, live in an urban environment, they are more fearful (in both intensity and frequency) of insects, reptiles, heights, and storms than guns, cars, and stoves, even though nonbiological stimuli have a much higher likelihood of being associated with an aversive consequence. Also, human phobias of animals tend to be developed at younger ages, when they are still vulnerable to predators. Thorpe and Salkovskis have noted other pathways to fear besides the Pavlovian model of direct acquisition through conditioning: (1) indirect acquisition, for example, by observing phobic people, and (2) acquiring fear-inducing information, from reading car crash statistics, for instance (81-83). So other factors must be at work besides direct Pavlovian conditioning if we are to explain these variations. Coming from an evolutionary point of view, Seligman proposed a theory wherein an organism evolves a predisposition, or preparedness, to learn certain associations that are important for survival (406). These are instances of â€Å"prepared learning.† Associations that are irrelevant to survival are unprepared and associations that are detrimental to survival are contra-prepared.† Seligmans theory of preparedness was meant to explain the inconsistencies about phobias seen in the traditional behavioral model of learning. Seligman noted four characteristics of phobias that differentiate them from fears conditioned in the laboratory: (a) ease of acquisition, (b) irrationality, (c) belongingness, and (d) high resistance to extinction (qtd. in McNally 295). Ease of acquisition refers to the number of trial repetitions required to elicit a fearful response from the stimulus. In the case of phobias, a single trial can be sufficient and often is. Irrationality, or noncognitiveness, refers to the fact that a phobic will continue to be fearful in the presence of the object of fear even after it is clear that no threat exists. Belongingness is the quality a person recognizes when realizing that a stimulus and response are paired, such as the object of a phobia and the threat it posed in prehistoric times. A high resistance to extinction is even today the hallmark of a phobia. It is, indeed, one of the most challenging aspects of phobias. Mineka has been a strong supporter of preparedness theory (199). It had been thought that monkeys were innately fearful of snakes; however, Mineka demonstrated that when first exposed to a snake, a lab-reared monkey will show no fear. It will, however, demonstrate fear if the mother is present upon first exposure; that is, it learns to be afraid by observation of its mother. But this behavior did not carry through to nonfrightening situations and remained specific to biological stimuli. It was concluded that the potency and rapidity of observational learning in association is due to the evolutionary significance of the biological stimuli (Mineka 239-240). But what of differences between individuals? The Pavlovian model assumes that inborn reflexes are shared by all members of a species. Ãâ€"hman and Mineka believe that humans are genetically predisposed with the ability to associate fear with stimuli that threatened the survival of our earliest ancestors (6). Since this is a genetic mechanism, and there are genetic differences among humans, some people will be more or less fearful than others, depending on the situation. Ãâ€"hman believes that although humans are in general prepared to acquire fears of ancestral dangers easily, some individuals must be more prepared than others to acquire specific fears. These super-prepared humans are, he proposes, vulnerable to phobias (qtd. in Ledoux 229). Snakes were found to be among the most prevalent of human phobias, with close to 40% of females and 12% of males in New England reporting an intense fear of them. The authors noted the fact that primates, the animals closest to us on the evolutionary scale, also commonly fear snakes, although captive primates were consistently less fearful than primates in the wild. These observations are strongly consistent with the evolutionary role for fear. The adaptive nature of this fear is reinforced by the fact that large snakes regularly attack primates in the wild. Mineka and Ãâ€"hman recently proposed the concept of a fear module, a behavioral module with the following four main characteristics: selectivity of input (the central tenet of preparedness theory), automatic activation, encapsulation (where a learners cognitive skills are focused in some areas and not others), and a dedicated neural apparatus (931-933). The appeal of this concept is that it is allows for the neurobiological point of view of fear conditioning. Mineka and Ãâ€"hman also proposed two levels of learning in fear conditioning, based on learning through ontogeny and phylogeny (928). There is a basic associative level of learning, evidenced by automatic emotional responses, controlled by the amygdala. Then there is the cognitive level of contingency learning, controlled by the hippocampus. Fear learning in human conditioning with fear-relevant stimuli activates both levels, but fear learning with fear-irrelevant stimuli tends to occur only at the cognitive level, unemotionally. It is important therefore to note that fears created in the laboratory in response to survival-irrelevant stimuli (e.g., auditory cues such as buzzers) involve unprepared learning and therefore offer a poor framework within which to conduct experiments on human phobias. Neuroscience looks at phobias from the point of view of neural circuitry, more specifically the amygdala and a variety of complex hormones, and this has been written up extensively in the literature. But even in the face of such technologically advanced research, the theory of biological preparedness still plays a role. It has been shown that conditioning to fear-relevant stimuli, including angry facial expressions, is less resistant to extinction than other conditioning to neutral stimuli and can even be acquired through visual masking techniques (LaBar and Cabeza 55). But with the rise of cognitivism, the theory of preparedness fell into disfavor with some. Lovibond, Siddle, and Bond proposed an alternative theory to explain resistance to extinction: selective sensitization, where a pre-existing response tendency is activated by a perceived threat (449). This phenomenon explains why many phobic disorders arise when the fear-relevant situation is experienced after a traumatic or stressful event, rather than before it, as required by conditioning theories (Lovibond, Siddle, and Bond 452). Gray and McNaughton noted in particular how the skin’s conductance response is also associated with the orienting reflex, which can tarnish the results of preparedness studies, since most use the skin’s galvanic response to gauge the degree of fear (306-312). Harris even went so far as to state a number of interpretive problems with Watson and Raynor’s famous conditioning of Little Albert (151-158) and Field and Davey pointed out the phenomenon of rumination influencing the perceived future threat of a fear-related stimulus (197). When McNally conducted an extensive review of the research on phobias to see how well preparedness theory stood up, he found no evidence that acquisition was any faster and had problems supporting the view that there was lack of rationality (295). He did, however, find much evidence demonstrating that extinction is slower for prepared learning (McNally 292). Perkins attacked Seligman’s archetypal yawning dog by showing that dogs can indeed be conditioned to yawn, even though it is a contraprepared learning task (138-144). The author even stated, It is proposed to limit Preparedness Theory to physiological preparedness, and that psychological preparedness either be revised (to exclude dogs yawning on cue) or abandoned (Perkins 138). One problem with preparedness theory is that it involves a circular definition. We define preparedness in terms of the ability to learn quickly because of a biological predisposition. However, how can we then tell if there is a biological predisposition? Because of the ability to learn quickly? This lack of underlying theory is one of the criticisms the cognitive psychologists have and it will hopefully be addressed eventually. But despite this, preparedness theory has held up well through the decades and today enjoys its status among even the most sophisticated conditioning models, which tend to be a mix of behavioral and cognitive theories. And theories, if they are to survive, must change and adapt; even if Seligmans original statement of preparedness theory was lacking in areas, it has benefited greatly from new research. In response to criticism from the cognitivists, the theory evolved and can now explain many of the problems that were pointed out in the earlier literature. It should be mentioned that the field of psychology has evolved and branched out to the point where only a melting pot of specialized theories, from traditional behaviorism to the most advanced neuroscience, can hope to explain the complexities of the mind.

2 Forms of the Imperfect Subjunctive in Spanish

2 Forms of the Imperfect Subjunctive in Spanish Why are there two forms of the imperfect subjunctive, such as hablara and hablase? Do they mean the same thing? The -se form might be considered the traditional form of the imperfect (or past) subjunctive, while the -ra comes from an old Latin indicative form. Over time, the two verb forms came to be used identically. Today, with a few regional exceptions, the -ra form has basically replaced the -se form, and so it is the -ra form you should learn. When used as the imperfect subjunctive, the two forms are interchangeable. The -se form is sometimes known as a literary form because it is used much less, but there is no difference in meaning. Examples of the Imperfect Subjunctive in Use, Showing the -ra  Form Si fuera fcil yo tocarà ­a el piano. (If it were easy I would play the piano.)Espero que à ©l estudiara con cuidado. (I hope he studied carefully.)Le prohibieron que utilizara las redes sociales. (They prohibited her from using social networks.) There are ​very few cases where the use of the -ra form as an indicative verb form has survived in modern Spanish, although you will seldom hear them. In some parts of Latin America as well as some areas near Portugal, you may hear the -ra form substitute for the pluperfect (e.g., fuera instead of habà ­a sido to say had been). There are some speakers who use the -ra form of haber as a substitute for the conditional, that is hubiera conocido instead of habrà ­a conocido for would have known; that usage can also be found occasionally in literature. In these rare cases where the -ra form is used instead of the conditional, the -se form cant be used as a substitute for the conditional. It isnt important to learn these variations, but it can be helpful to remember they exist in case you come across them. The -ra  Conjugation Pattern for Regular Verbs -ar verbs: que yo hablara, que tà º hablaras, que usted/à ©l/ella hablara, que nosotros hablramos, que vosotros hablarais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas hablaran.-er verbs: que yo aprendiera, que tà º aprendieras, que usted/à ©l/ella aprendiera, que nosotros aprendià ©ramos, que aprendierais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas aprendieran.-ir verbs: que yo viviera, que tà º vivieras, que usted/à ©l/ella viviera, que nosotros vivià ©ramos, que vosotros vivierais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas vivieran.

Prevention and Eradication of Ebola in Nigeria Coursework

Prevention and Eradication of Ebola in Nigeria - Coursework Example Ebola virus refers to the genus Ebolavirus that include five different virus species named for the region where they were primarily detected. They are Zaire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sydan ebolavirus and TaÃ'â€" Forest ebolavirus. All of the species of the Ebolavirus genus contain one member virus. Among these viruses four provoke Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans and Reston ebolavirus causes EVD in other primates. (Jens H. Kuhn, 2010) Ebola virus disease, also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever and defined as an acute usually fatal disease in humans. EVD characterized with the damage of the immune system and organs. Ebola virus has a quite high rate of the replication. After entering the human body through the contact with skin breaks or mucous membranes it rapidly replicates in different types of cells of the immune system such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and other types of cells such as fibroblasts, adrenal gland cells and liver cells. T he immune cells transport the virus to the lymph nodes where further replication occurs and viral parts enter the blood stream. (Duane J. Funk, 2015) Hence, the virus major target is immune system cells especially macrophages. Virus reproduction in the immune cells triggers their programmed cell death that leads to the weakened immune system response. After three days of the virus exposure it affects endothelial cells that form endothelium a thin layer of the interior surface of the lymphatic vessels and blood vessels.

Reading journal APOC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading journal APOC - Assignment Example At the hospital, they stayed with me and consoled me even as I writhed in pain. My parents arrived later on and thanked my colleagues for standing with me. Indeed the hospital route turned out to be the best remedy to the writer’s problem. She finally withdrew and got the necessary counseling thereafter. It surprises, however, why the writer’s caretakers had not thought of this alternative ever since the problem manifested itself. The delay has made the writer lose much in terms of personal development. The writer was worried how she would put to a halt the whole issue of drinking and using. She seemed quite concerned about the past, recalling how frequent she drank and used. Venita urges her to focus on one day at a time as that is an easier way to adjust. That means the writer should close her eyes to the past and future and instead focus on today. The quote portrays Venita as informative, encouraging, and determined. She wants to see the writer at her best. Challenges and mysteries are part of life. I once realized that no one is born perfect. People fail, but the failures serve as steps towards improvement. I once recorded poor academic performances during my middle classes in primary school. This was caused by my affiliation to jokers. When my parents and teachers counseled me, I turned a blind eye to all that had happened and my results became impressive then onwards. Venita was quite instrumental to the changes that occurred in the writer’s life. From withdrawal from drinking and using to graduating from the university with a special award, the writer has recorded a massive change in life that no one would ever imagine from the start of the novel. It all sounds miraculous, but wherever God is involved, miracles are bound to

The Success of Napoleon's Strategy throughout His Conquest Essay

The Success of Napoleon's Strategy throughout His Conquest - Essay Example A study into Napoleon’s military influence on Europe should first describe a brief background on the his rise before focusing on the military strategy he deployed in battle, utilizing the various battles he won to demonstrate the success of the strategy. Napoleon grew up in pre-revolution France and attended a military academy before being selected to study the scientific and mathematical aspects of warfare.3 When the French revolution removed the autocratic leadership creating a room for other individuals to take up positions, a scenario a situation developed with Napoleon becoming the beneficiary. He rose up the ranks due to military adeptness in squashing the counter revolutions that characterized early post-revolution France, and was later appointed an operational planner for the army in Italy.4 His military brilliance in Italy saw him take senior leadership in the military and lead an army to Egypt before returning to his homeland and organizing a successful coup d`etat a nd transforming France into a form of a military dictatorship. He however made civil law standard through the Napoleon Code which ensured the revolution’s objectives were not lost especially in terms of freedom and religion. Napoleon’s Military Strategy Napoleon devised a highly effective approach to war that had no rival at that time hence leading to numerous victories against his enemies and driving his conquest. Of particular note is the fact that Napoleon was more of a practical General rather than an innovator, utilizing approaches by former Generals after adapting them to his cause. He adopted the aspects that worked and ignored the useless. His strategy was based on military agility, speed and surprise attacks hence he configured his army in a manner that could carry this out.5 The Napoleonic army was organized into basic units or corps;6 self-sustaining and semi-independent units that could be deployed effectively even against large armies and hold their ground until the other units reinforced them or attacked the enemy from a different side. Napoleon recognized the soldier as the most important function in the overall organization and hence undertook to boost morale across his forces.7 As a result, he had a close personal relationship with his subordinates and was a charismatic figure that created bravery and boosted fighting spirits amongst his men. This can be evidenced by the several proclamations he made to his army such as †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You have won battles without cannon, crossed rivers without bridges, made forced marches without shoes and camped without brandy and often without bread. Soldiers of liberty, only republican phalanxes could have endured what you have endured. Soldiers, you have our thanks! The grateful Patrie will owe its prosperity to you. The two armies which but recently attacked you with audacity are fleeing before you in terror; the wicked men who laughed at your misery and rejoiced at the thought of the triumph s of your enemies are confounded and trembling...†8 With an army boasting of such high levels of morale, Napoleon could then implement his strategy that was developed after taking into consideration each specific battle

Organizational effectivenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational effectivenes - Essay Example This is done by considering resources available to the organization, interests of the organization in business activities and the market segment served by the organization. The market segment is important because it dictates the market share available to the firm and consequently influences resource allocation. The process of resource allocation is the first step among a number of them that lead to the realization of organizational effectiveness. How well available resources are allocated among numerous organizational needs and the extent to which consumer needs are met in that process determines the said effectiveness. Employee-management relationship is another measure of organizational effectiveness. Organizations that foster strong employee-employer relationships have been found to be more efficient that those without strong ties between employees and employers (Rampersad, 2003). In the same regard, an organization that pursues corporate social responsibility is more likely to be more efficient in its business that those which do not. This based on the fact restrained and optimal requirements of performance in order to achieve diversity and dynamism over time require that an organization’s operations and performance be efficient enough. Harley-Davidson is a manufacturing firm that consumers highly value. Its competitors stand challenged by this firm due to its diversity that aims to achieve consumer satisfaction. TPS recommends book keeping and issuance as the principle determinants of the success of an organization. Harley-Davidson adopted this recommendation, becoming one of the most efficient motorcycle and RV manufacturers (Teerlink & Ozley, 2000). Book keeping ensures that all fundamental records that pertain to the manufacturer are made at all levels. On the other hand, issuance enhances business transactions and monitors the overall performance for malpractices. Over and above the above practices, the

Book Analysis Evironmantalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Analysis Evironmantalism - Essay Example Richard white view on environmentalism is that nature can act multipurpose to provide for human beings. This is evident by the fact that humans get food from the Columbian river and they generate hydroelectric power from the river. His view is the division of nature into different parts to maximize productivity and enhances development from nature. Richard White has evidently addressed with humans controlling nature to profit them, there are many consequences accompanied with it. Some people start wars claiming they own certain parts of nature and this erupts to social and political wars. This evident when the some people in Colombia tried to divert the course of the river to suit their social and political interest. This kind of actions results in struggles and oppositions about certain forms of nature. These struggles show that humans are fighting and claiming something they have not created and they do not have full rights of that natural resource. Richard perilously emphasizes th at what was supposed to happen did not happen in accordance to nature. Richard’s environmental concept is that humans can get all forms of energy from nature and use it for development purposes. This is emphasized through the generation of hydroelectric power for electricity, and the salmon fish that provide calories for human beings. He argues that the natural resources can provide the needed energy in the making of political and financial decisions that will enhance the developmental process3. Richard white addresses the misfortunes of human beings of trying to over control nature. With an aim of getting profits from nature, human beings have tried to dominate nature, which is not practical. This has resulted in conflicts between nature and human beings, as nature is not ready to conform to man’s ideas. Both nature and human begins end up becoming losers because they are unable to connect. This is because humans are trying to divide nature so as to maximizing profit thus forgetting the social values that should be upheld. Edward Abbeys Form of Environmentalist Edward Abbey’s form of environmentalist is one that advocates for the preservation and protection of the environment and natural resources. This is addressed by how the author brings out characters that are ready to protect a desert from the exploitation of developers.4 The characters in this book are in the move of stopping developers especially those who are in construction areas. These characters are stopping road buildings by destroying the equipments involved in the construction of roads. Edward is advocating for the preservation and conservation of the environment. The author has practically shown how he is ready to protect the environment fully. He is in the campaign of burning down billboards that are advertising construction projects, and he intentionally sabotages the bulldozers that are constructing roads in the quest of protecting the environment. Edward Abbey worked as a forest wanderer whose main aim was the protection of the environment and the conservation of natural resources.

Organizational effectivenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational effectivenes - Essay Example This is done by considering resources available to the organization, interests of the organization in business activities and the market segment served by the organization. The market segment is important because it dictates the market share available to the firm and consequently influences resource allocation. The process of resource allocation is the first step among a number of them that lead to the realization of organizational effectiveness. How well available resources are allocated among numerous organizational needs and the extent to which consumer needs are met in that process determines the said effectiveness. Employee-management relationship is another measure of organizational effectiveness. Organizations that foster strong employee-employer relationships have been found to be more efficient that those without strong ties between employees and employers (Rampersad, 2003). In the same regard, an organization that pursues corporate social responsibility is more likely to be more efficient in its business that those which do not. This based on the fact restrained and optimal requirements of performance in order to achieve diversity and dynamism over time require that an organization’s operations and performance be efficient enough. Harley-Davidson is a manufacturing firm that consumers highly value. Its competitors stand challenged by this firm due to its diversity that aims to achieve consumer satisfaction. TPS recommends book keeping and issuance as the principle determinants of the success of an organization. Harley-Davidson adopted this recommendation, becoming one of the most efficient motorcycle and RV manufacturers (Teerlink & Ozley, 2000). Book keeping ensures that all fundamental records that pertain to the manufacturer are made at all levels. On the other hand, issuance enhances business transactions and monitors the overall performance for malpractices. Over and above the above practices, the

Being Clear on What Is and What Should Be Queer. This Essay

Being Clear on What Is and What Should Be Queer. This Conceptualization Of Queer - Essay Example It is inferred from Harding’s essay that because of heteronormativity, queer includes fat women, whose only chance of experiencing sex is by being raped. In The Trouble with Normal, Warner examines the dilemma of determining and pursuing what is normal. Being normal casts negative shadows on what is queer, which is why Warner thinks it is wrong for the Mattachine Society to toss aside the issue of sex to gain respectability and normativity. Two definitions of queer emerge because society defines it as having sexual norms that are against heteronormativity, something that is sinful and pathological (or what queer should be), while Harding and Warner describe it as composed of variations to the norm, where everyone has equal sexual agency (or what queer is). Society defines queer as opposite to acceptable heterosexual norms and practices. Sex is central to the concept of queer, but society, in its heterosexual morality, seeks to undermine queer sex as improper, immoral sex. Hard ing and Warner question the dominant social definition of queer as a negative sexual attitude and behavior just because it is outside heteronormativity. Who defines what is queer? For Harding, the hypermasculine culture defines queer vis-a-vis its sexual and political interests. She asserts that society conditions women to live for their â€Å"primary obligation†: â€Å"to make [themselves] pretty for heterosexual men’s pleasure† (68). Queer women, by sexually desiring the same sex, are clashing with their predominant obligation. Furthermore, queer is defined not according to what the defined actually feels, but how heterosexual society describes it should be. Harding criticizes society and the media for having a skewed understanding of beauty and attraction, which is the basis of political and social roles, functions, and boundaries. After discussing how society and the media pressure fat people to be thin, Harding notes that it is clear that: â€Å"†¦fat is Not Hot† (74, capital letters from original text). Beauty is reserved for the thin, and people are supposed to be attracted only to thin people. Queer is unattractive to heterosexual norms. Another definition from mainstream society is that queer is abnormal and must be concealed or changed to suit heteronormativity. Warner criticizes the efforts of some gay organizations to desexualize their struggles because the essence of being queer is being sexual and being open about it. He stresses that homosexuality is central to the fight for gender equality: â€Å"It is hard to claim that homosexuality is irrelevant as long as you feel the need to make the claim† (46). Sex and sexuality are political centers of the aspiration for personhood. Warner argues that sex is politics and queer is political. In 1953, the Mattachine Society’s new leaders assert the importance of â€Å"integrating† as a way of showing the public â€Å"new maturity† (Warner 46). T o integrate is to be non-sexual and to be non-sexual is to forget that sexuality is a political struggle for the queer. And to forget that queer is sexual and political is to say that queer is dead and must remain so. Warner’s point is that by desexualizing the queer movement, the queer are accepting the social definition that they are not acceptable because they are not the norm. Queer is abnormal and must remain hidden in the bathrooms and bushes. Fat women are queer too because their physical characteristics put them at the fringes of physical attraction. Harding points this out persuasively, as she analyzes the heterosexual norm, where: â€Å"

Laws and policies affect family life Essay Example for Free

Laws and policies affect family life Essay â€Å"Examine the ways in which laws and social policies affect family life† To start with a social policy is an initiative or plan that the government would put in place to try and fix a problem or to make a positive change in society. Various political and social groups have different opinions on social policies, for example in the UK conservatives are very right wing and as of the moment Mr Osborne is proposing to save  £10billion by making cuts across the board in its welfare fund. The Labour party however would be unlikely to make such drastic cuts if they were in office. This essay will explore marriage and divorce, the welfare state and domestic abuse policies. Marriage affect many families, the government has a number of laws to control people behaviour inside marriages for example marriages must be monogamous (You can only be married to one person at a time) Governments tend to encourage marriage as they believe the nuclear family is the ideal environment to bring up children, couples receive tax credits and other benefits this also discourages divorce, Marxists would believe that this is the governments way of supporting capitalism, by encouraging people to marry it means they remain a productive asset that they can continue to exploit. The new right would agree that the nuclear family is the best place to bring up a family but would not want to give tax credits or any other financial encouragement as they believe that its best to keep out of peoples affairs. Feminists would feel this is another way of oppressing women, by using financial means to discourage divorce the women may feel as though they are trapped in the relationship especially if they have to support outside the family. Divorces where first made legal in 1857 although at that time they where incredible hard to get however changes in divorce laws in the late 1960s made divorces much easier and since then divorce rates have been steeply rising. Functionalists and the New Right think that divorce is a bad thing and believe once there is marriage between two people this marriage should be permanent. Both perspectives see males and females as having different roles in the family, the male – earns the wages and the woman – Cares for and brings up the children on top of the housework whilst the man is working. These perspectives, believe that this is the right way for the family to be and that single parent families are wrong because they have not got one of the parental figures around, they feel single parent families are wrong because they lack the support you get from having 2 adults. Feminists  would disagree with this view and would say that women are exploited by men, both in the workforce and at home, and seen as figures in relationships who are there to please men’s needs after being at work. Marxist Engels states â€Å"The housewifes position is one of glorified prostitution Engels (1902)† Feminists see this as one explanation to the dramatic increases of divorce, they say women don’t want to be in a relationship where they are exploited. Feminists also believe that the government offer benefits that are not available to different types of couples such as cohabiting couples; they see this as the government’s way of encouraging marriage and discourage any other ways of living they feel this is causing less people to have a divorce even though they may not be happy. Welfare state, the welfare state is the system where benefits are given to those who are entitled or qualify for them, for example the job seekers allowance where the government gives you money if you are searching for a job. Marxists see this as supporting capitalism because if the proletariat are working for the bourgeoisie they are being actively exploited by being grossly underpaid for the services. This happens because the Bourgeoisie own the means of work. The welfare state appease the poor and makes the Proletariat feel as though they are being well treated but its just a smoke screen to stop them seeing the bigger picture, Its a tool used by the government to prevent class consciousness and revolution. The new right disagrees with this view and in fact sees it a weakening the family because they feel the families become over reliant on the generous benefits the welfare state grants them new labour although it has similar views as new right feels that the welfare system is a good way to support and encourage young people to work. Feminists have the independent view that the benefit system only supports the patriarchal nuclear family and neglects all other forms of family. When men get benefits they feel this weakens the women’s position because the man is in control of his wages and the benefit. However feminists also feel the benefits women do get â€Å"more maternity leave† and â€Å"control of child benefits† are trying to cement the view that women should be staying at home and looking after the children. The government has laws that are designed to protect all members of the family from domestic abuse, this is achieved by social services taking children out of dangerous families or the police will remove the violent family members, there are also various programmes and  counselling available to try and fix family problems to maintain stable family life. It is hard to depict how successful theses measures are as many domestic abuse cases go unreported due to fear, embarrassment and love. So even though the government provides services such as counselling and social services its unlikely we will ever know the true extent of domestic abuse because we don’t know what goes on behind closed doors. Liberal Feminists would believe that the safeguards put in place are a step forward to protecting women however Radical feminists would feel that it was not enough and moor should be done to help protect women. Marxists are not opposed to sanctions put in place to help protect the family. To conclude i would say social policies effect families in positive and negative ways, while the new right believe that social policies should favour the nuclear families while feminists and Marxists feel that the government need to recognize other family types such as cohabiting couples and gay couples and make laws which benefit them.

Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism

Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism Aspects of the contemporary society of Britain, such as the Education and Religion may be explained through the use of the sociological perspectives, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These perspectives offer contrasting insights into the inner-workings of society and are useful in attempting to understand these aspects of social life, utilizing both macrosociology; the study of widespread social processes and microsociology; the study of society at a interpersonal level. Symbolic Interactionism is a social psychological theory devised from the work of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead that studies how individuals act within society (Symbolic Interactionism, no date). The premise of this theory is that individuals behave towards different situations based upon the meaning that the situation holds to them, from physical objects such as trees to institutions such as the government, referred to as symbols. As Symbolic Interactionism is a microsociological theory, the perspective focuses on how the meaning of these symbols to a individual is derived from the interpersonal, social interaction in society. Then through an interpretative process upon experiences, the meanings an individual holds towards symbols will change (Blumer, 1986). There are many examples where individuals find social meaning through symbolic interaction, one being that without symbolic interaction many people would not smoke; however meaning is constructed through the medi a or peer groups and people rationalise that albeit the consequences smoking hold, smoking is desirable. Another social psychological concept of Symbolic Interactionism is Charles Horton Cooleys looking-glass self (1902), which explores how identity is formed. Charles concept states that an individuals identity grows out of interpersonal interactions, and the perception of others. This leads individuals in society to shape themselves around other peoples perspectives and opinions of themselves. The looking-glass self has three main components; firstly imagining how we appear to others, secondly imagining the judgement from others of that appearance and thirdly developing our identity through these judgements (Rousseau, 2002). Functionalism on the other hand is a macrosociological theory which originated from the works of Émile Durkheim, Functionalism is also known as a consensus perspective theory as the perspective does not deal with the issue of social conflict but rather at looks at the ideal in society. Durkheims view on the functionalist perspective looks at the macro-level of social structure, the social institutions, as to explain how these contribute to the stability of society; the core institutions being: family, government, economy, media, education and religion. To a functionalist these social institutions are designed to fill the needs of society, thus shaping society, creating stability (Crossman, 2016). The functionalist perspective argues that institutions only exist to serve a role in how society functions, if the role is no longer needed the institution would not be needed either and if new needs arise in society, institutions will be created to address these roles. As touched upon, Symbolic Interactionism is a micro-sociological theory looking at the interpersonal level of society and Functionalism is a macro-sociological theory which looks at society on the structural level. The difference between the perspectives is vast due to this difference. Using religion as an example Émile Durkheim argued that religion encouraged individuals of society to follow the social norms which Functionalist theorists perceive as bringing about stability through institution (Emile Durkheim the sociology of religion, no date). However as Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the micro level of society, instead of looking at religion as a institution and how it causes people to adhere to social norms, Interactionism looks at the symbolic meaning behind religion. A symbolic interactionist would observe the meanings people attach to such things as religious symbols, like a cross or a mosque, to see how they affect individual behaviour in society (Symbolic Interacti onism, no date). However there are similarities between these perspectives,ÂÂ   despite the differences as to what level of society the perspectives focus on, both theories are similar in how they group individuals together, be it through social class for functionalism and through symbols for interactionism. Education in Britain has changed drastically since the 20th century. The Education Act was introduced in 1944 which guaranteed education for free, for every child in England and Wales. This act also divided the schools into what is the norm today, primary education and secondary education. Throughout the 20th Century, education in britain was a complete contrast to education in contemporary society, corporal punishment was widely used; whereas today the education system has different methods of punishment and students have rights which prevent corporal punishment such as caning. Education in contemporary britain has evolved to be inclusive of gender and those with special educational needs as through the 20th century women and special needs were discriminated against and regarded as unintelligent. Education in contemporary britain has also integrated the use of technology, with the vast majority of students having access to smartphones and the like within school (Reporters, 2014)l. E ducation is at the forefront of modern day society with 33% of students earning a degree in 2000 in contrast to 3.4% of students in 1950. (Bolton, no date) Both perspectives attempt to explain this aspect of social life in contemporary britain in contrasting ways, the Functionalist perspective focuses on the the functions performed by the education system. A functionalist may argue that Education creates Social Solidarity. Social Solidarity is when individuals feel as though they are integrated into something bigger than themselves. Durkheims belief when it comes to education was that the system is built upon the common beliefs of individuals in society, Durkheim believed the system to be a product of collective thought rather than individual thought, therefore making the education system a expression of the collective conscious which adapts over time as societys values change, uniting society with shared values, which is known as value consensus (Hoenisch, 1996). Talcott Parsons (1961), an american functionalist which expanded upon Durkheims writings in the 1950s and 1960s, expressed his view on the education system can be related to c ontemporary britain as being useful to provide a trained labour force as, this is useful to contemporary britain due to it being a advanced industrial economy, which needs a complex division of labour in order to sustain (Cook, 2008). Talcott Parsons (1961) also argued that the education system is the bridge between family and society as a whole for students, preparing for their role in later life after their initial primary socialisation; which is where individuals learn and develop throughout their younger years (Agnihotri, 2008). Parsons (1961) believed that in the family, as the parents understand the unique abilities of their child, the parents will judge the child to a particular set of standards they have come to expect, this is known as particularistic standards. However due to the education system, children learn that outside of the family individuals are judged by universalistic standards, which is where rules and laws apply to all people, regardless of the character of th e person, education teaches this. From a functionalist viewpoint, education in contemporary britain is used to assign roles to people in society through the use of examinations and qualifications. Education also introduces meritocracy, which is a equality of opportunity; every student has a chance to succeed (Thompson, 2015). An interactionists perspective however will focus on studies on interpersonal interaction within the school, such as in the classroom, in the lunch hall and on the playground. Studies show that teachers perception of students can affect the learning environment, A study carried out by Robert Rosenthal (1968)ÂÂ   and Lenore Jacobson (1968) focuses on a group of students throughout a school year, at the start of the school year the teachers where told which students where intelligent and which where unintelligent. The study showed at the end of the year that the students which the teachers had been informed where intelligent performed better throughout the year than the students deemed unintelligent, although the students where labelled to the teachers at random. A Interactionist will look at how due to the teachers having that knowledge inadvertently caused them to praise the intelligent students more often, and spend more time with them. Interactionists will also look at how Soc ial Interaction contributes to gender-role socialization, studies show that teachers praise males more often (Jones Dindia, 2004) Functionalism is useful in understanding how the education system is more work focused in contemporary society with increasing vocational courses. The perspective allows us to see how roles are allocated in society and how the education system brings around a value consensus in society. Its also useful in understanding how society teaches children what the universalistic standards are. However Functionalism tends to look at the macro elements of the education system rather than at the interpersonal level where functionalism can be criticized due to ignoring negatives such as bullying. It can also be criticised due to the fact the Marxist perspective argues education is not meritocratic due to the fact private schools only benefit the wealthy. Symbolic Interactionism on the other hand is useful in understanding the interpersonal relationships between parties such as the teacher and the student, allowing researchers to understand how individuals behavior shape society through observati ons and gathering qualitative data, understanding how society come to learn gender roles and how the labelling theory works as shown in the study aforementioned; a student being given more praise makes the student believe they are intelligent and therefore tries to fit that label, which is known in sociology as the self-fulfilling prophecy. According to Manis and Meltzer (1978) Symbolic Interactionism also makes it difficult to understand on a broad level the education system in contemporary society due to being limited to only micro-social structures and that the perspective neglects emotional conduct, focusing only on logical behaviour. Bolton, P. (no date) Commons Briefing papers SN04252. House of Commons.

Ultimately Disgusting :: essays research papers

Ultimate fighting is one of the most brutal and barbaric sports ever to be seen on television. Ultimate fighting is a no-rules fighting competition, designed to provide violent entertainment for its viewers. In this competition a fighter is allowed to punch, kick, and choke his opponent to win a fight. Ultimate fighting first came to the United States in 1993 when SEG began promoting it as, 'The Ultimate Fighting Championship.'; Ultimate fighting is an unsafe sport and people should not be permitted to view or compete in such violent competitions. Dr. George Lindberg editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association says, 'Someone's spinal cord could be fractured, an arm could be broken, and choking could result in brain damage. The possibility of injury is very high'; (Sokolove 1). The American Medical Association wants an all out ban on boxing and ultimate fighting. Senator John McCain, the leader in the opposition wants it banned because he is concerned about injury to the competitors (Kirby 20). In the UFC competitors have received broken arms, damaged their spinal cord, and been knocked out on several occasions. In a recent event in the Ukraine, a competitor died after he was beated badly. After the fight he collapsed, was taken to a hospital, and later died (Kodi). Cockfighting is banned in almost all states in this country, however in most states ultimate fighting still goes unregulated. Why are we allowing humans to compete in events that we have decided is too dangerous for animals (Sokolove 1)? Isn't allowing this type of event to go on telling our children that it is ok to fight? This type of event serves no positive purpose, and only increases the tolerance for violence in our society. Fans and promoters of ultimate fighting argue that fighters should be allowed to compete in any type of violent event if both participants are consenting. Isn't there a point then where all of this goes to far though? Suppose someone wants to televise the death of someone who consents to being killed. Under their logic this type of thing would be ok because everyone is consenting. We have already banned such consenting activities such as prostitution, drugs, and assisted suicide; we should just add this to the list. John McCain believes that the fighter's consent is deceptive. He says a fighter is, 'driven by profits or the enticements of publicity associated with it and unknowingly is placing his or her life at risk (Kirby 20).

Similarities Between Northern and Southern American Colonies

The Northern and Southern colonies had many similarities between the years of 1607 to 1763, but the idea that they were more similar than different is vastly incorrect. The economy in the Southern colonies was based off of planting and slave labor, which was very common, while land in the Northern colonies, for the most part, was not fertile enough to support planting. Another difference between the North and South was that government and the church had very close ties in the North, compared to a representative self-government in the South, separate from any church. People and towns were too far apart for churches to flourish in the South, whereas in the North, religion was very important and often taken to extremes. In the Southern colonies, tobacco was a huge crop, and the economy of several colonies was based almost entirely off of it. The history of tobacco is relatively short—by 1612, John Rolfe had perfected methods of growing tobacco that eliminated most of the bitterness of the leaf. After the first boatload of tobacco was sent to Europe, the European people quickly developed a high demand for it, one which American colonists were more than happy to fulfill. Because of the sudden incredibly high demand for tobacco, colonists were overwhelmed, and planted tobacco anywhere they could, including the ground next to the street and between graves. The tobacco-growing frenzy was so huge that colonists in the South had to import some of their foodstuffs at first, for they were not able to grow it themselves with all their land being used for tobacco. Because the crop of tobacco robs the soil of its nutrients so quickly, the demand for land exponentially increased, which led to an increased need for workers, preferably cheap, which is when wealthy planters turned to slavery. In comparison, the land in the Northern colonies was mostly glaciated soil, with stones in the dirt forced to the surface after every winter. Because of the rocky soil, staple crops did not grow well and so black slavery was not profitable in the North. Colonists who realized they would not be able to make much of a living off of the land became good at other things. Shipbuilding, fishing, and commerce were among the main professions in Northern colonies, due to the excessive fishing opportunities. Governing styles is another major difference between the Northern and Southern colonies. The first self-controlled government was established in Virginia, one of the Southern colonies, in 1619, the House of Burgesses. This was somewhat similar to the British parliament, met once a year in Jamestown, and was made up of twenty-two people. These twenty-two people were the governor of the colony, six prominent citizens hand-selected by the governor, and fifteen burgesses, or representatives, from varied locales, usually the larger plantations in the area. Overall, the people controlled the government in the South. This fact could be disputed about Northern government. In the Northern colonies, the government was more inclusive than it had been in the past in that all freemen could vote. Freemen were adult male landowners who belonged to the Puritan congregation. All male property owners could be involved in town government, regardless of whether or not they were Puritan. They would participate in town meetings, where matters large and small were discussed, debated, and solved by the people of the town themselves. According to the doctrine of the covenant followed by Northern colonists, the role of government was to enforce God’s laws, which applied to both believers and non-believers. Even with the government being so religious, clergymen were not allowed to hold an official political office, which led to the idea of the separation of church and state. The separation of towns was more of an issue in the South than the separation of church and state, in terms of religion. Because of the vast amounts of land needed by plantation owners to grow tobacco and other staple crops, towns and people were spread out, which slowed urban development significantly and also made the establishment of churches and schools difficult and expensive. Nevertheless, there was still religion in the Southern colonies—the vast majority of colonists were Anglican. In the Northern colonies, there were many churches, of several religious groups. Puritans and Quakers were the dominant religious groups in the North, though Quakers would not abide by laws set by the Puritans, so they were fined, flogged, and banished. In one extreme case, four Quakers, one a woman, who defied expulsion from their colony, were hanged. An extremist Puritan by the name of Anne Hutchinson claimed that a holy life was no true sign of salvation, and that the truly saved were going to heaven no matter what they did in their life, so they would not need to obey neither God’s nor man’s law. At the time, this was considered antinomianism and extreme heresy, so Anne was banished from her colony and forced to move. In conclusion, the Northern and Southern colonies did have many things in common, but the thought that they were more similar than different from the year 1607 to 1763 is an immense misconception. In the Northern colonies, it was not possible to grow staple crops because of the rocky soil, so settlers turned to other ways to make a profit than agriculture and slavery, while in the South, slavery and tobacco farming were the sole source of income for several colonies. The government in Northern colonies had close ties to the Puritan church, while in Southern colonies the style of government leaned towards self-representative. Churches were not common in Southern colonies, while they were of utmost importance, and often taken to extremes in Northern colonies.

Past and Present Native American Affairs

After examining the past of Native Americans, their wanting to have a piece of the government pie, and the present affairs under the reservations is different to the living circumstances of Native Americans. It starts with issues such as drug abuse and prevention within the tribes. The next step for them is to ensure they have enough money to support their tribes and encompasses all their needs. Finally, it is how the tribes give back to the states they decide to build casinos in. In the article, â€Å"Drug Czar Urges Tribal Leaders to Focus on Youth Drug Preventions,† posted by the US Newswire on September 6, 2000, discuses about how American Indian youth has the highest percentage of drug abuse in America at this time. The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy Director Barry R. McCaffery has promoted a campaign to prevent the drug use. The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) has invested in over $3 million reaching out to tweens and teens. Also, McCaffery thinks that if every parent in America along with American Indian parents would talk to their children about drugs, that it would make a huge difference. In the article, â€Å"In Shift, Interior Dept. May Allow Tribes to Build Casinos far From Reservations,† talks about the Bush-era rule â€Å"allows Indian tribe to build casinos far from the reservations, raising the possibility that new gambling resorts could be built close to New York and elsewhere around the country†. In 2008 tribes couldn’t open beyond their commuting distance, but this led to being rejected from at least 22 applications. This does not mean the casinos are approved yet though. Nelson Rose, a professor at Whittier Law School in California this there’s to much money involved. Some tribes like the Mississippi Band of Choctaws could benefit from this, since they plan for a $375 million casino/ hotel 175 miles away. It could be a benefit to others as well, considering it could bring thousands of jobs. But only five tribes have been approved for this in the 23 years Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulation Act. In article one states that American Indians and Alaskan Native children were the highest drug users amongst teens. Since then, the National Drug Policy has invested the time, effort, and money to educate parents as well as their children about drugs and alcohol. In article two they are talking about the revenue they made the state and how much they were able to put into education funds. These casinos are not being built for teens to enjoy. They are meant for adult leisure. Article two showed how much money they are placing into education for the entire state and not just for certain populations. Both articles discuss education, however article two highlights it and makes it a positive thing for the state the casino is built in. Article one is explaining us that they had to invest money for this certain problem. This is not just an American Indian or Native Alaska problem. It’s our country’s issue. All over our country we are seeing proposals for casinos that are backed by Native American tribes. The government in some states saw it as an advantage and took it, while others still battle with the idea of having a casino in their state. Casinos are the adult’s version of Disney Land and the chances of the government lowering the age to gamble is non existing. There is no relation between drug use and where the casinos are. These casinos have been built and they are continuously pouring money back into the state and keeping the taxes low and filling the necessary gaps as well as putting in extra money where we need it. Education is one of the toughest battles when it comes to funding and if these casinos are putting money into this fund to allow all children to go to school and be safe, then what is the problem? I would not change the Columbus Holiday. Columbus is one of our founding fathers and he should be appreciated for that. For if he did not come over here, where would be now? We could still be over in Europe somewhere. A few other reasons why I enjoy Columbus Day are: it’s a day off from school and it gives me an opportunity to spend time with my two little brothers and my mom. I understand what he did to the Native Americans; however like many of our other founding fathers he did what he was right for his people at that time. That is why it is called history so we know not to repeat it.

A Modest Proposal For The Homeless People Essay

When you walk the streets of downtown, all you see is smelly, dirty homeless people begging for money. All they do is take up all the space on the sidewalks with their cardboard signs, annoying people while they walk by homeless people because they scary and harmful. Instead of them trying to find a job, they’re always asking for money and when they do get money they never use it on food and water, they’ll most likely spend it on drugs. Homeless people make our city look horrible, dirty and poor which gives us a bad reputation. They’re a burden on our society and something needs to be done about it. There is no reason such dirty people should be a part of what seems to be a clean society. The homeless are bringing down the look of this society. The look they are giving our environment is a poor, dirty, uninviting look. As a proposal, they should be forced to work extra hard so the higher class of society don’t have to work extremely hard. After all the homeless is taking up all the space, so they might as well do all the dirty work that no one has an interest in doing, to get it over with. Maybe that will make them seem like a less of a burden. If that doesn’t work we can just ship them off to an island for the homeless so we don’t have to worry about them anymore. But it would make sense to put these people in some type of imprisonment too. So that’ll clean up the streets as well. With help from these proposals there should be no reason for such terrible dirty people to continue to be a part of our society. Once the homeless is gone, the city will become inviting, and appealing to visitors, might even make some want to stay.